Brown Falcon

1. Plumage varies geographically: southeastern birds are generally brown, inland birds more rufous, and northern birds darker.

2. Most have a pale face with two dark streaks below the eyes.

3. Long, unfeathered legs and a slow, heavy flight pattern, often described as "rowing," set them apart from other Australian falcons

Brown Falcons inhabit open landscapes such as grasslands, farmland, pastures, heathlands, saltbush plains, woodland edges, and urban fringes. They are frequently seen perched in elevated positions, watching for prey. Active throughout the day, they are especially noticeable at dawn and dusk. Their loud, cackling calls are often heard when defending territory or communicating with mates

The Brown Falcon, known as "Berigora" in some Aboriginal people’s languages, features in several stories, including the Warlpiri Water Dreaming (Ngapa Jukurrpa), where the falcon plays a role in carrying storms across the landscape. In Arnhem Land, the Brown Falcon (Karrkanj) is recognised for its association with fire and is significant to the Rembarrnga and Dalabon peoples.