Peregrine Falcon

1. Bold black cap and moustachial stripe contrast with a white throat, creating a clear facial pattern.

2. Blue-grey upperparts and finely barred pale underparts.

3. Long, pointed wings and a short tail, with powerful, direct flight and rapid dives.

Peregrine Falcons are renowned for their hunting dives, or "stoops," which can exceed 300 km/h, making them the fastest animals on the planet. They primarily hunt birds in mid-air but may also take small mammals and occasionally reptiles or insects. Breeding occurs from August to December in southern Australia. Pairs maintain territories year-round and typically lay 2–4 eggs in cliff recesses, tree hollows, or abandoned nests. Both parents care for the young, with females incubating and males providing food. The species suffered declines due to pesticide use in the mid-20th century but has since recovered in Australia following conservation efforts

Peregrine Falcons are found throughout Australia in a variety of environments, including rainforests, deserts, coastal cliffs, inland gorges, and urban areas. They prefer locations with abundant prey and secure nesting sites, such as cliffs or tall buildings. They are often seen perched on high vantage points or soaring overhead, especially at dawn and dusk when hunting is most active. In cities, they may be observed nesting on tall structures and hunting pigeons and other urban birds. Their call is a loud, repeated "hek-ek-ek," especially during territorial or breeding displays.

The name "Peregrine" comes from the Latin for "wanderer" or "pilgrim," reflecting its global distribution. The species has adapted to a wide range of environments, including urban areas. While falcons are recognized in some Aboriginal cultures, specific references to the Peregrine Falcon should only be included if supported by a reliable source. The species' recovery from pesticide-related declines is considered a major conservation success story.