Distribution Map
Hardhead Hardhead
Aythya australis
NativeStatus
CommonRarity
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Species Description
The Hardhead (Aythya australis), also known as the White-eyed Duck, is Australia’s only true diving duck. This chocolate-brown waterbird is easily recognised by its white wing panels and rump, which are highly visible in flight. Hardheads are more often seen floating low in the water, rarely venturing onto land.
Fun Facts
The name “Hardhead” comes from early taxidermists who found their heads difficult to process, not from any physical toughness.
1. Male’s white eyes and brown head and body.
2. Broad white wing panels and white rump visible in flight.
3. Floats low in the water and lacks a spiky tail.
Hardheads are diving ducks, feeding mainly on seeds and parts of aquatic plants, but also consuming aquatic invertebrates and small animals. They dive smoothly and can stay submerged for up to a minute. Breeding usually occurs from August to November, with females building nests in dense vegetation close to water. Only the female incubates the eggs and raises the young. Hardheads are nomadic, moving in response to changing water conditions, and their numbers can fluctuate widely with rainfall and drought.
Hardheads are widespread across Australia, especially in the Murray-Darling Basin and south-east South Australia. They prefer deep, permanent freshwater lakes, swamps, and wetlands with abundant vegetation, but can also be found in artificial habitats like sewage ponds. They are rarely seen on land and tend to roost on low branches or stumps near water. Sightings are less common in coastal estuaries or smaller water bodies
Physical Attributes
Height
52 cm
Size Relative to Other Birds88%
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