Distribution Map
Black-breasted Kite
Hamirostra melanosternon
EndemicStatus
CommonRarity
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Species Description
The Black-breasted Kite (*Hamirostra melanosternon*) also known as the Black-breasted buzzard is a large, distinctive raptor endemic to mainland Australia, especially the arid and semi-arid interior. With its striking black and rufous plumage, short square tail, and remarkable intelligence, it is one of the country’s most iconic birds of prey. This species is most often seen soaring over open woodlands, riparian forests, and grasslands of central and northern Australia, but is rare or absent from the far south and east
Fun Facts
Black-breasted Buzzards are famous for using stones to break open large eggs-a rare example of tool use in raptors, and a behaviour documented in both First Nations knowledge and Western science.
1. Short, square tail and large white wing panels create an unmistakable silhouette
2. Wings held in a shallow V-shape (dihedral) during soaring
3. Overall dark plumage with rufous back and shoulders, contrasting with white wing “windows”
Black-breasted Kites are opportunistic hunters, feeding on reptiles, small mammals, birds, nestlings, eggs, and carrion. They are famous for their unique tool use: breaking open large eggs (such as emu eggs) by picking up stones and either dropping or throwing them onto the eggs to crack them-a rare example of tool use among raptors. They also raid nests of other birds, including raptors, for eggs and young.
This Kite is widely but sparsely distributed across northern and inland Australia, preferring arid and semi-arid regions with less than 5 mm annual rainfall. It is most common in open woodlands, riparian forests (especially River Red Gum), savannas, and grassy plains, and avoids dense forests and wetter southern regions. The species is best observed in central Australia, the Northern Territory, northern South Australia, and the interior of Western Australia. Scan open country skies for their distinctive soaring profile.
Physical Attributes
Height
55 cm
Size Relative to Other Birds90%
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