Rifleman Rifleman

1. Extremely small size, about as big as a ping pong ball

2. Constant motion with characteristic 'wing-flicking' while foraging

3. Thin, slightly upturned beak used for probing tree bark

Riflemen are monogamous and often breed in family groups, with older siblings helping to raise new chicks. They build tiny, enclosed nests in tree cavities, laying 2-5 eggs per clutch. Their populations are threatened by habitat loss and introduced predators, making predator-free areas crucial for their survival.

Look for riflemen in mature native forests, especially beech and podocarp. They're most active during daylight hours, spiraling up tree trunks or flitting between branches in the canopy. Listen for their high-pitched 'zipt' calls, which can help locate these tiny birds. They're more common in higher altitude forests of both North and South Islands. Tip: Focus on tree trunks and watch for small, quick movements to spot these energetic foragers.

The rifleman, or titipounamu, is an ancient endemic species, one of only two surviving members of New Zealand's unique wren family. Its Māori name, meaning 'small greenstone bird', reflects its size and the male's vibrant color. It has long been admired for its industrious nature and tiny stature.