Caspian Tern

1. Breeding adults have a full black cap; non-breeding birds show white speckles in the cap

2. Massive bright red bill with a slight dark tip

3. Large size compared to other terns, with a relatively short, slightly forked tail

Caspian Terns breed from September to December, nesting in colonies or isolated pairs on sandy or shingle areas. They're impressive parents, with both partners sharing incubation and chick-rearing duties. These birds face threats from human disturbance and predators, making undisturbed nesting sites crucial for their success.

Look for Caspian Terns along New Zealand's coastlines, in sheltered bays and harbours. They're also frequent visitors to inland lakes and rivers, particularly in Canterbury, Waikato, and the central North Island. Dawn and dusk are prime viewing times when they're actively fishing. Watch for their dramatic plunge-dives into the water. A helpful tip: scan the water's surface for their large, gull-like silhouette hovering before a dive.

The Caspian Tern has been a long-standing resident of New Zealand's waterways, playing a role in our coastal ecosystems for generations. While not as prominently featured in Māori lore as some other birds, its presence is a testament to the health and diversity of our aquatic environments, connecting inland waterways to the open sea.