Tomtit Tomtit

1. Males have striking black-and-white plumage; females are predomitly brown

2. Distinctive large head and short bill, giving a "bobblehead" appearance

3. Quick, darting flight pattern between perches in trees and shrubs

Tomtits breed from September to February, building well-concealed nests in vegetation or shallow cavities. They're territorial year-round, with both males and females defending their patch vigorously. While common in many areas, they face threats from introduced predators, particularly rats. Their habit of nesting in accessible spots makes them vulnerable during breeding season.

Look for Tomtits in native forests and shrublands across New Zealand, from Northland to Stewart Island. They're particularly common in the central North Island and along the West Coast of the South Island. Dawn and dusk are prime viewing times when they're most active. Focus your search on the mid-levels of trees and shrubs, where they perch to scan for insects. Listen for their high-pitched 'ti-ti-ti-ti' call to help locate these small, quick-moving birds.

The Tomtit, known as miromiro (North Island) or ngirungiru (South Island) in te reo Māori, has been part of New Zealand's ecosystems for millennia. It features in Māori folklore as a messenger between the visible and spirit worlds. The Tomtit's ability to thrive in both native and introduced forests showcases its adaptability in the face of environmental changes.