Black-fronted Tern

1. Breeding adults have a striking black cap and white cheek stripe; non-breeding birds show a mottled grey cap

2. Bright orange, slightly curved bill that stands out against its grey body

3. Graceful, hovering flight pattern often seen over rivers or fields

Black-fronted Terns breed from October to December, nesting in colonies on shingle riverbeds. They're adaptable foragers, catching insects in flight, plucking fish from rivers, and even following plows for earthworms. Introduced predators and habitat loss pose significant threats to their survival, making conservation efforts crucial.

Look for Black-fronted Terns along the braided rivers of the eastern and southern South Island, from Marlborough to Southland. They're most active during daylight hours, often seen skimming low over water or fields. In winter, some venture to coastal areas and even up to the North Island. Listen for their distinctive high-pitched calls as they forage – a helpful clue to spot these agile flyers.

Known as Tarapiroe in Māori, the Black-fronted Tern has long been part of New Zealand's ecosystem. Historically common, it's now a symbol of the country's unique riverine habitats. Its nickname "ploughboy" comes from its habit of following farmers' plows, showcasing the bird's adaptability and close relationship with the land.